Why Iran Doesn’t Operate T-62 Tanks: Strategic Considerations and Modern Alternatives
Iran's defense strategy revolves around unconventional and asymmetric warfare, a strategy that has garnered recognition for its effectiveness both domestically and internationally. This approach is reflected in the country's military modernization, which prioritizes advanced technologies and strategic assets that align with its operational needs. One aspect of this strategy is the evolution of Iran's armored forces, particularly in the context of T-62 tanks. This article explores why Iran does not prioritize T-62 tanks in its arsenal and delves into the modern alternatives the country has adopted.
Iran's Focus on Unconventional Warfare
Iran is not focused on traditional large-scale conventional warfare. Their military capabilities lie more in asymmetric and unconventional strategies. This strategic alignment has implications for their choice of armored vehicles. While Iran lacks a large conventional air force, a strong deep-sea navy, or extensive heavy ground forces, they excel in other areas. Iranian small torpedo boats have proven to be effective, and their special operations forces are highly skilled and responsible for causing significant casualties in conflicts such as Afghanistan and Iraq.
Iran's intelligence services are among the best in the region, and they are developing nuclear weapons and delivery systems. This combination of capabilities makes its forces highly adaptable to both conventional and unconventional conflicts. However, in a conventional confrontation on neutral ground, the Iranian military would be outmatched due to the overwhelming firepower and technology of conventional forces. On their home turf, fighting asymmetrically, Iran's forces might be unbeatable.
Reasons for Not Operating T-62 Tanks
The decision not to operate T-62 tanks is multifaceted. One reason is the history and learning from past conflicts. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iran captured some Iraqi T-62 tanks and converted them into mine-clearing vehicles. Iran observed the fate of many such tanks after the 1991 Gulf War, where the T-62s were left scattered in the western desert of Kuwait. This experience provided valuable lessons on the vulnerability of such armored vehicles in real combat scenarios.
Another key factor is the development and procurement of modern alternatives. Iran has developed and procured several modernized tanks based on existing designs. One notable example is the Type 72Z (T-72Z) tank. This modernized version of the T-55/Type 59 tank has undergone significant upgrades. The 100mm gun has been replaced with an Iranian-produced 105mm M68 gun, capable of firing advanced anti-tank guided missiles and NATO-standard ammunition.
Modernized Tanks and Upgrades
Iran has also incorporated advanced electronic fire control systems, such as the Slovenian Fotona EFCS-3-55, which includes automatic and manual gun stabilizers, a laser rangefinder, second-generation night sights, and a ballistic computer. This tank, known as the Safir-74 and Al-Zubair I in other countries, has been deployed in various regions, including Sudan.
Additional upgrades include electric smoke grenade dischargers for enhanced concealment and explosive reactive armor (ERA) developed by the Shahid Kolah Dooz Industrial Complex for protection against projectiles and napalm-type weapons. Enhanced side track skirts, similar to those on the Type 59, were added to further improve protection.
The engine has been replaced with a Ukrainian 780 hp V46-6 diesel engine, paired with the SPAT-1200 transmission system. This upgrade also includes air conditioning, power steering, and a fire suppression system.
Conclusion
In summary, Iran's strategic and technological focus on modern and modernized tanks, such as the Type 72Z, reflects its preference for flexibility, adaptability, and advanced weaponry in its military operations. This approach ensures that Iran can effectively respond to a wide range of potential threats, both in conventional and unconventional contexts. By focusing on asymmetric warfare and advanced weaponry, Iran has built a military that is well-suited to its strategic goals.