Why Does Julius Caesar Refer to Himself in the Third Person in Shakespeare’s 'Julius Caesar'

William Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, is a masterclass in the exploration of power, identity, and authority. One fascinating linguistic element that stands out is the frequent use of illeism, the act of referring to oneself in the third person. Through this technique, Caesar positions himself as an authoritative figure, highlighting his personal inclination towards self-aggrandizement and the manipulation of public perception.

Imperial Authority and Detachment

Imperial Authority: By referring to himself as 'the noble Caesar' or 'the great Julius,' Caesar elevates his status and reinforces his authority. This mode of speech suggests a sense of detachment and superiority, as if he sees himself as above the common people. This detachment not only asserts his power but also distances him from the realm of vulnerability, presenting him as an almost mythical figure.

Rhetorical Presence and Drama

Rhetorical Effect: The use of illeism enhances Caesar's rhetorical presence, making his speeches more memorable and impactful. When he speaks of himself as 'he' or 'himself,' it creates a sense of drama and emphasizes his self-perception as a powerful and commanding figure. This technique is particularly effective in building tension and highlighting his character's arrogance and ambition.

Characterization and Self-Aggrandizement

Characterization: Caesar’s use of the third person reflects his arrogance and ambition. This linguistic choice showcases his belief in his own greatness and foreshadows his tragic downfall. By distancing himself from reality in his speeches, Caesar appears to be less human and more divine or legendary. This self-mythologizing serves to strengthen his image and influence, allowing him to command respect and admiration from both his allies and his enemies.

Political Manipulation and Self-Mythologizing

Political Manipulation: Referring to himself in the third person can serve as a strategic tool to manipulate public perception and create a larger-than-life persona. By consistently portraying himself as a figure of myth and legend, Caesar creates a sense of reverence and awe. This technique helps to enhance his image and influence, making him more formidable in the eyes of the public. It is a means to cultivate a sense of awe and admiration, which can be crucial in maintaining power and control.

The Historical Julius Caesar: A Real-Life Rhetoric Master

The historical Julius Caesar was known for his charisma and powerful presence. These qualities made him a compelling and persuasive leader. Shakespeare's portrayal of Caesar in Julius Caesar captures the essence of this charismatic leader. By employing the technique of referring to himself in the third person, Shakespeare brings to life a character who exudes confidence, charisma, and ambition. Caesar’s speeches are not just words; they are a carefully orchestrated performance designed to impress and intimidate.

Conclusion

The frequent use of illeism in Julius Caesar by Shakespeare serves multiple purposes, from reinforcing Caesar's authority and creating a sense of myth to emphasizing his political ambitions and self-aggrandizement. This linguistic choice is a key element in shaping the character and themes of the play, making it a powerful exploration of power, identity, and the potential dangers of wielding too much authority.