Why Does Evolution Promote Survival Over Extinction?
Evolution is a complex phenomenon that has always been a source of fascination and debate. One question that frequently arises is, if natural selection is the driving force behind evolution, why does it not simply let everything go extinct? In this article, we will explore this concept, drawing on philosophical and scientific perspectives.
The Mechanics of Evolution
Evolution, as a natural process, is blind and operates without any set rules. It is driven by the survival and reproduction of organisms, which is a result of their genetic traits being better suited to their environment. Over time, these traits become more common, leading to the evolution of new species. This mechanism is what Charles Darwin described as natural selection.
Philosophical Perspectives on Survival
Arthur Schopenhauer, a German philosopher, offered a poignant perspective on this issue. In his work, "The World as Will and Representation," Schopenhauer suggested that a powerful, invisible force might be instigating the process of evolution. This force, as he perceived it, is driven by the intrinsic desire for survival and persistence.
Survival as a Fundamental Desire
According to Schopenhauer, this survival instinct is a fundamental aspect of human nature. It is a result of the complex interplay between biological factors and the emotional and hormonal responses they instill in us. For instance, the act of procreation is pleasurable and driven by hormones, which is why human beings often desire to have children. However, it is important to note that this drive towards procreation is increasingly being seen as a choice rather than an absolute biological mandate.
Experiencing the Force of Life
To truly understand the force of life, consider an exercise recommended by Schopenhauer: go for a walk on a straight and level sidewalk with no impediments. Walk at your normal pace, then close your eyes and continue to walk. The mysterious and irresistible force that compels you to open your eyes is what Schopenhauer called the life force. This feeling is your body's strong desire to live and remain intact for as long as possible.
The Life Force in Action
When you cut yourself, burn yourself, or experience any form of physical harm, your body immediately begins to heal. This automatic and relentless process illustrates the power of the life force. Although we can discuss the mechanics of biology, the force of life is an intangible sensation that powers our bodies and experiences.
Understanding Physics and Chemistry in the Light of Survival
The power of life lies in the fundamental forces of nature, such as the electromagnetic force. Water, which is a major component of the human body, is formed by the electromagnetic attraction between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. These same forces are responsible for the myriad functions that our bodies perform.
Conclusion
While we can invoke concepts like evolution, natural selection, and the electromagnetic force to explain the mechanics of life, the true essence of the survival drive remains an enigma. As we continue to explore and understand the intricacies of life, we must also acknowledge the mysteries that persist in the human experience. The force of life, as it manifests in our bodies and our desires, is a thread that connects us to the broader tapestry of existence.
For the curious mind, the answer to why evolution promotes survival may lie not just in scientific inquiry but also in the profound experience of life itself. As you take the recommended walk, close your eyes, and feel the irresistible force urging you to live, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the unspoken, magical will to survive that animates us all.