Why Do Ex-Convicts Relapse Back Into Crime?
Reintegrating ex-convicts into society after serving their time in prison is an uphill battle. Factors ranging from lack of employment to inadequate rehabilitation and societal stigma can lead to a cycle of recidivism. The following explores these issues and offers insights into why ex-prisoners often struggle to lead law-abiding lives.
The Cycle of Recidivism
Recidivism refers to the re-offending or re-incarceration of individuals who have previously been convicted of a crime. A common reason for the high rate of recidivism is the persistence of old habits. Many ex-convicts return to prison because it is easier for them to continue engaging in criminal activities than to seek legitimate employment and build a new life. The allure of the quick and easy money from illegal activities often proves too enticing, overshadowing the potential rewards of a new life without crime.
A Case Study
Consider John, who has spent half of the last five years in prison and the other half living at his mother's house. His routine revolves around drinking and using drugs, usually purchased with money from his criminal activities. When his negative behavior towards neighbors or friends escalates, the police intervene, and John is returned to prison. Despite efforts to train him in a trade, John continues to refuse legitimate work, blaming his inability to find employment on his mother’s enabling behavior.
Impact of Felony Charges
Felony convictions can severely impede an individual's ability to secure employment or stable housing. The stigma associated with a criminal history can make it nearly impossible for ex-convicts to find stable employment. Even if they do manage to secure a job, their past may lead to discrimination. Additionally, the housing market tends to be unfriendly to those with a criminal background, making it difficult to find a place to live.
Technical Parole Violations
Another significant contributor to recidivism is the recurrence of technical parole violations. These are usually non-violent and do not involve re-offending. Instead, they often include minor infractions that can swiftly land an ex-convict back in prison. Examples include missing curfew, failing drug tests, or failing to report for parole checks. These technical violations underscore the challenges ex-convicts face in adhering to the strict rules and regulations imposed upon them upon release.
Education and Socialization
Education and socialization can play pivotal roles in preventing recidivism. However, many ex-convicts lack the proper education or mentorship to navigate the complexities of the outside world. Poor educational backgrounds and the absence of supportive mentors often lead these individuals to view crime as their only means of survival or a sure path to financial gain. Society's inadequate support and the lack of socialization skills can push them towards a life of crime.
Living Conditions in Prison
Prison life often provides a stark contrast to the harsh realities outside. For many ex-convicts, prison offers a sense of structure and stability that they may not have experienced before. They become accustomed to the welfare system, which feeds and houses them at no cost. This can make readjusting to life outside prison a daunting and sometimes impossible task. The absence of a social support network and the stigma associated with a criminal record can exacerbate the difficulties faced by ex-convicts.
Rehabilitation and Societal Change
Rehabilitation is crucial in breaking the cycle of recidivism. Norway's prison system is often cited as a model for effective rehabilitation. Their approach focuses on reintegration rather than punishment, providing support for education, job training, and mental health services. However, such comprehensive programs are expensive, making them unattainable for many countries. Most forms of prison are structured as purely punitive measures, leading to little change in behavior among inmates.
The Role of Society
Society's lack of awareness and understanding of the struggles faced by ex-convicts contribute to the high rate of recidivism. Many politicians and policymakers fail to recognize the systemic issues that lead to re-offending. Legislative efforts to improve prison conditions and support rehabilitation programs could play a significant role in reducing recidivism. Greater public education and advocacy for ex-offenders' rights can help create a more supportive and understanding community.
Understanding the complexities of recidivism is crucial to addressing this multifaceted issue. By providing support, education, and opportunities for ex-convicts, society can help them break the cycle and lead productive lives. It is essential for policymakers, educators, and the public to work together to create a more inclusive and supportive environment that encourages rehabilitation and reintegration.