When and How Can the Indian Army Take Charge of an Operation?

Understanding the conditions and roles of the Indian Army in operational control is crucial for comprehending the intricate relationship between the Indian military and its civilian government. The Indian Army, as one of the largest volunteer armies in the world, plays a critical role in maintaining national security and peace. To ensure clarity and comprehension, this article explores the situations under which the Indian Army can assume charge during operations, detailing the roles of both the central and state governments.

Understanding the Roles in Operation Control

Before diving into the specific cases, it is important to understand the hierarchy and protocols in place to handle different scenarios:

The President of the Republic of India, as the supreme head of the armed forces, holds significant authority. However, the day-to-day command and control of military operations usually rests with the Ministry of Defence in consultation with the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS). The armed forces operate under the direct command of the government in various situations, ensuring consistent decision-making and coordination.

Key Conditions for the Indian Army's Involvement in Operations

1. Internal Threats to National Security

The Indian Army can take charge of operations in cases where there is a direct threat to national security. Specifically, the army might be involved in:

Maoist attacks and insurgencies within the country. Borders under threat due to potential conflicts or invasions.

These operations often involve joint efforts with other security forces and the cooperation of both state and central governments.

2. Full-Fledged War with Another Nation

When India is involved in a war with another nation, the Indian Army's involvement becomes inevitable. This situation typically leads to full-scale mobilization and engagement on the battlefield.

3. National Emergency Situations

During natural disasters or man-made emergencies like terror attacks, the Indian Army can step in to provide necessary relief and restore order. Examples include:

Natural disasters such as the Uttarakhand floods. Man-made calamities such as the 2008 Mumbai terror attack.

In these cases, state and central governments work closely together to channel resources and manpower effectively.

4. International Peacekeeping Missions

The Indian Army has a rich history of participating in international peacekeeping missions. These operations are typically carried out under the ambit of United Nations (UN) missions and involve providing security and humanitarian relief in conflict-stricken regions around the world.

5. Operations During Presidential Rule

When a state government is dissolved due to a breakdown in the democratic process or under constitutional provisions, the President may impose President's Rule in the state. During such times, the Indian Army can play a significant role in maintaining law and order and facilitating a smooth transition of power until a new government is established.

The Role of Central and State Governments

The involvement of the Indian Army in operations is a collaborative effort between the central and state governments. Typically, the central government decides when and how the army will play a role in a particular situation:

Central Government: Commands the overall strategy and coordination of military operations, ensuring that the army operates within constitutional and legal frameworks. State Government: Provides local knowledge and cooperation, ensuring that the army's efforts align with the ground situation and the immediate needs of the population.

For instance, in the state of Haryana, if a situation arises where the police are unable to control the Jat agitation, the central government may authorize the Indian Army to take charge. This transfer of control can happen swiftly through direct orders from the Prime Minister or the Ministry of Defence.

Conclusion

The Indian Army's ability to assume charge of an operation is contingent on a clear and decisive command from the central government. Whether the situation involves internal threats, natural disasters, or international missions, the army's involvement is a testament to its readiness and expertise in upholding national security and peace.