Understanding the Definition of a Cover Song: More Than Just a New Interpretation
In the field of music, the term 'cover song' is frequently used, often loosely and without a clear definition. The concept of a cover song can be traced back to the 1950s when white artists would reinterpret songs by black performers, aimed at broader audiences. However, as the music industry and cultural landscape have evolved, so too has the meaning of a 'cover'. This article aims to clarify what constitutes a cover song and why it matters.
The Historical Context of Cover Songs
The term 'cover song' originated in the 1950s, when artists such as Pat Boone would cover songs originally written and performed by artists of different races or cultures. One famous example is Pat Boone’s rendition of 'Tutti Frutti,' which was a re-working of Little Richard’s wild and unrestrained performance. The idea was to make these songs suitable for mainstream radio and white audiences, ensuring that talented original performers could reach a wider audience.
Despite some controversy, this practice eventually led to a broader definition of cover songs. Even iconic artists like Elvis Presley and The Everly Brothers have covered songs, such as 'Good Rockin’ Tonight' and 'Lucille,' respectively. These examples illustrate that the term 'cover' is not limited to just racial reappropriation but rather refers to any song performed by an artist who did not write it.
Modern Day Cover Songs and Interpretation
Today, the term 'cover song' means a song performed by someone other than the original performer, regardless of who wrote the song. According to the broader definition, even if a song was written by identifiable songwriters but never recorded, it can still be considered a cover if another artist performs it. This is evident in songs like 'Moon River,' written by Johnny Mercer and Henry Mancini, which has been performed by various artists over the years without being recorded by the original writers.
Similarly, traditional folk songs like 'Simple Gifts' can be performed without being considered a cover, as the original authorship may be unclear or lost over time. The same applies to songs written by songwriters but never recorded, such as 'Born to Run' by Bruce Springsteen. Adding a new interpretation or value to the song can enhance it and potentially earn it the title of a 'cover.' This is best exemplified by a live performance of 'Do You Believe in Life After Love,' where Adam Lambert honored Cher by reimagining the song in a different direction.
Legal and Cultural Implications
A cover song differs from writing and performing a song from scratch. While covering a song involves permission and relevant licensing, it also means recognizing the originality and contribution of the original artist. Artists like Neil Diamond, who recorded 'I’m Believer,' are considered covers of the Monkees’ song, even though Neil wrote it. This highlights the importance of respect and acknowledgment when performing someone else's work.
On a more practical level, cover bands and musicians have built side careers around covering songs. Bands like Me First and the Gimme Gimmes have specialized in recording punk rock cover versions of songs, ranging from Willie Nelson to the Beach Boys. This demonstrates how cover songs have become a significant part of the music industry and culture.
Conclusion
The definition of a cover song extends beyond just a new interpretation. It encompasses a performance by an artist who did not write the song, regardless of whether the original version was recorded or not. Understanding this concept is crucial for musicians, music publishers, and listeners alike. By recognizing the importance of cover songs and their cultural significance, we can appreciate the evolution and reinterpretation of music in a broader context.