Understanding Network Television in the Digital Age

Network television, commonly referred to as 'network TV,' encompasses the primary broadcasting channels that are available for free over the air. In the United States, the term is often associated with the 'Big Three' — ABC, CBS, and NBC — along with networks like PBS, Fox, and CW, each of which provides a wide range of programming including news, dramas, comedies, reality shows, and special events.

The Evolution of Network Television

Technically, a network is defined as a national broadcast service that is carried exclusively by a local TV station in each area, as designated by the FCC's DMA (Designated Market Area) classification. Historically, the distinction between network and cable/satellite programming was clearer due to the need for an antenna for reception. The major networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC, dominated the scene, with other networks like DuMont experiencing a short-lived run before losing ground to these dominant players. Fox joined the ranks of the major networks in the 1980s, adding another voice to the national airwaves.

With the advent of digital broadcasting and sub-channels, the landscape has further evolved. Networks like MeTV, ION, and others have emerged, offering additional programming options and expanding the ecosystem of network television. However, the primary networks still maintain a strong presence and have a significant number of affiliates. Although these networks can own a set number of stations, it is now largely based on coverage, with the Big Three each boasting around 200 affiliates. Approximately 190 of these are independently owned stations that exclusively air network shows, along with syndicated and local programming.

The Rise of Digital Broadcasting

The transition to digital broadcasting has brought about significant changes in the way network television is perceived and accessed. The definition of a network has evolved, and the traditional distinction between broadcast and cable/satellite programming has become increasingly blurred. Cable services like USA, AMC, FX, HBO, and others provide extensive content, often surpassing the ratings of the Big Four networks in certain markets.

With the advent of cable and satellite, network affiliates became less dependent on local signal strength, and the distinction between network and cable programming became less apparent for many viewers. Today, channels like AMC, Discovery, or Univision are regularly outperforming the traditional 'big networks' in terms of ratings and viewership, showcasing the evolving landscape of network television.

The Future of Network Television

As technology continues to advance, network television is likely to face further changes. The term 'network TV' may eventually lose its specific meaning as different forms of media compete for viewers' attention. However, the foundational networks, alongside newer and specialized channels, will likely continue to play a significant role in the television industry, offering diverse programming options to audiences across the country.