The Tradition of Eating Turkey at Christmas: Origins and Evolution
The tradition of eating turkey at Christmas has deep roots in English-speaking countries, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. This article explores the historical context, key figures, and cultural influences behind this festive meal.
Historical Context
The concept of a festive turkey dinner can be traced back to the 16th century in England. Prior to this, various meats like goose, beef, and even peacock were commonly consumed during the winter season. However, the turkey quickly gained popularity as a more practical and affordable option for large family gatherings.
Key Figures and Influences
One of the most significant contributors to the popularity of turkey at Thanksgiving was Sarah Josepha Hale, often referred to as the "Godmother of Thanksgiving." In her writings and advocacy, she highlighted the tradition of roast turkey in early New England celebrations. She successfully lobbied President Abraham Lincoln to make Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863, cementing the turkey's place in American festive traditions.
In the United States, the tradition of eating turkey on Thanksgiving (in November) further reinforced its association with festive meals. As Christmas evolved into a widely celebrated holiday in the United States and other English-speaking countries, turkey became a natural choice for Christmas dinner as well. The business community and promotional efforts to market turkey as a cost-effective option for families contributed to its widespread adoption.
Challenges and Cultural Obsessions
Despite its long-standing tradition, there are some who argue against eating turkey twice in a month, pointing out that turkey is traditionally served at Thanksgiving. However, such concerns are largely cultural and not universally observed. The idea of having turkey only at Thanksgiving is a cultural norm, not a strict rule. In reality, many families enjoy turkey at both Thanksgiving and Christmas, appreciating the bird's versatility and the festive spirit it brings.
The popularity of turkey has also faced environmental and sustainability challenges. As turkeys are considered an invasive species in some regions, efforts are being made to manage their populations. However, these discussions are separate from the cultural traditions surrounding turkey at Christmas and Thanksgiving.
Ultimately, the tradition of eating turkey at Christmas has evolved over centuries, reflecting shifts in cultural practices and the changing dynamics of festive meals. While there is no single person or event credited with starting this tradition, it has become an integral part of the holiday season in many countries.
References:
Hale, S.J. (1828). A Table Book; or, Table Talk of Our Ancestors. Lincoln, A. (1863). Proclamation establishing Thanksgiving as a National Holiday. Dickens, C. (1843). A Christmas Carol.