The Symbolic Nature of Revelation 21:1 in Christian Theology
Revelation, as a book, provides a rich tapestry of imagery that often blurs the lines between literal and symbolic meanings. For Christian theologians, understanding the symbolic nature of Revelation is crucial, especially when interpreting passages like Revelation 21:1. This article explores the reasons why some theologians believe that Revelation 21:1 is more symbolic rather than literal, and how understanding the context and original language can provide clearer insights.Symbolic Language in the Book of Revelation
The book of Revelation explicitly states that it is symbolic. For instance, in Revelation 17, the waters are described as representing nations, tongues, languages, and peoples. Similarly, the angel used to clarify John’s visions emphasizes that the beasts in Daniel 7 symbolize kingdoms and governments. The horned beast is described as representing the powers of nations, which are not literal animals but abstract concepts. Thus, it is not uncommon to find clear indications of symbolism within the book itself.Further, Jesus speaks of His two-edged sword coming out of His mouth as a weapon against the Nicolatanes. However, in Ephesians 6 and Hebrews 4, we find that the sword is referred to as the "Sword of the Spirit,” or the Word of God, a clear indication that the sword is symbolic and not literal.
A Profound Example: Revelation 21:1-2
Revelation 21:1-2 is a particularly telling passage that exemplifies the symbolic nature of Revelation. It states:The imagery of a new heaven and a new earth is undeniably rich and vivid. However, if taken literally, the passage presents a series of impossibilities. The idea of physically throwing death and Hades into a lake of fire (Revelation 20:14-15) is beyond the realm of what can be physically carried out. This symbolic language clearly indicates that death will be finally done away with, never to return, metaphorically representing spiritual and eternal freedom.“Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and there was no longer any sea.”
Additional Examples of Symbolism
The 144,000 from the 12 tribes of Israel (Revelation 7:4-8) is another instance where symbolism plays a key role. According to historical context, there were 13 tribes, not 12. Jacob gave the double portion of land that would have gone to Joseph to his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Thus, subtracting Joseph and adding his two sons, along with Levi, results in 12 tribes. This symbolic arrangement emphasizes the faithfulness and spiritual significance of these chosen individuals.Why Dan and Ephraim are not listed, while Joseph is, speaks to the historical and spiritual context. These tribes, historically known for their rebelliousness and idolatry, are not included. In contrast, Joseph, whose lineage is known for faith and obedience, is included. This list symbolizes a faithful and spiritually pure Israel. The number 12, representing the twelve tribes, also carries significant spiritual and divine meaning, signifying divine order and arrangement.