The Natural History of Seattle: Before It Was a City

Introduction

Seattle, today a bustling metropolis and an international hub, was once a rich tapestry of nature, characterized by dense forests, diverse ecosystems, and indigenous cultures. Before its transformation into a city, the region was a vibrant natural landscape, shaped by its geography and the Indigenous people who thrived there.

Natural Environment

Forests

Before Seattle was a city, the area was predominantly covered by dense forests. These forests were home to large coniferous trees such as Douglas firs, western red cedars, and Sitka spruces. Parts of these forests were part of the larger temperate rainforest ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest, which supports lush vegetation and diverse ecosystems.

Wetlands and Rivers

The region featured numerous wetlands, lakes, and rivers, including the Duwamish River and Lake Washington. These waterways played a vital role in the local ecology, supporting a variety of fish species and being crucial habitats for many wildlife species.

Wildlife

The area hosted a rich array of wildlife, including elk, deer, bears, and numerous bird species. Salmon were particularly significant, serving as a vital resource for the Indigenous peoples of the region.

Indigenous Peoples and Their Technologies

Before European settlers arrived, the land was inhabited by several Indigenous groups, including the Duwamish, Suquamish, and other Coast Salish tribes. These Indigenous people thrived on the natural resources, utilizing the forests, rivers, and coastline for food, shelter, and cultural practices.

Technologies Utilized by Natives

Brian Overland, in his detailed answer, provides insight into the remarkable technologies used by the natives. Douglas Fir and Hemlock trees, while not immediately useful for native tools, were mastered in the use of cedar, especially for building longhouses and canoes. Cedar was ideal for creating planks and inner bark clothing, as well as dugout canoes.

Food Sources

The primary food source for the natives was fish, leading them to live along rivers and shores. Cedar trees were kept clear to facilitate easier building of homes. Additionally, the natives produced flour from the bulbs of camas flowers, which required vast fields that extended over 200 acres. The residents cleared these areas by allowing forest fires, then selectively weeded out competitors to maintain optimal conditions for camas.

Additional Food Sources

In addition to fish and camas, clams were a significant food source for the Indigenous people. Smith’s Cove, located about a mile northwest of downtown Seattle, was one of the best spots for clam-digging. The shores of Lake Union were often chosen for longhouse construction due to their proximity to excellent fishing grounds and a nearby river for building fish weirs.

Conclusion

In the 19th century, before Seattle became a city, the region was a vibrant natural landscape, rich in resources and culture. This natural environment was shaped by both the geography and the Indigenous cultures that inhabited it. Understanding this history provides a deeper appreciation for the transformation that has occurred in the region and its enduring natural beauty.