The Natural Cleanse: How the Ganges River Purifies Itself and Keeps its Unusual Oxygen Levels
The Ganges River, one of the most significant rivers in India, possesses a unique ability to cleanse itself through several biological and physical processes. This ancient river, revered as holy by millions, has naturally evolved mechanisms that contribute to its purification. Below, we delve into the key mechanisms that help the Ganges maintain its remarkable quality, despite significant pollution challenges.
Key Mechanisms of Ganges River Purification
Dilution: The vast volume of water in the Ganges helps dilute pollutants. When pollutants are introduced into the river, they become less concentrated as they mix with the river's water.
Microbial Action: The river supports a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, that play a crucial role in breaking down organic waste. These microbes consume organic pollutants effectively, contributing to the natural purification process.
Sedimentation: Larger particles and sediments settle to the riverbed over time, removing some contaminants from the water column and allowing cleaner water to flow downstream. This process is facilitated by the natural flow and movement of the river, which helps disperse pollutants and prevent stagnation.
Riparian Vegetation: Vegetation along the riverbanks can absorb some nutrients and toxins, further contributing to the purification process.
Unique Purificatory Factors of Ganges River
According to research from the Chandigarh-based Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), the Ganges water contains bacteriophages, viruses that kill bacteria, endowing it with antimicrobial attributes. This factor not only contributes to the river's cleansing but also explains why the water remains relatively clean despite its polluted status.
Remarkably, Ganga water contains oxygen levels 25 times higher than any other river in the world. This high oxygen content is one of the primary reasons for the river's self-purifying attributes. However, the source of this unusual oxygen content remains a mystery, prompting ongoing scientific research.
New research reveals that despite pollution, the water of the Ganga still possesses 'medicinal qualities'. These magical properties ensure that it does not spoil even when stored for years. Some microbiologists are even working on developing new anti-microbial compounds with the help of Ganga water.
Religious and Cultural Significance
According to Hindu belief, bathing in the Ganges river helps purification and attainment of salvation, although the concept of 'salvation' may be subjective. The sadhana or spiritual practice of bathing in the Ganges is deeply ingrained in the cultural psyche of many Indians. However, recent data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) indicates that most of the Ganga river water in the Uttar Pradesh-West Bengal stretch is unfit for drinking and bathing. At all places, caution is advised before consuming or bathing in the river water.
Future Prospects and Conservation Efforts
Despite these natural cleansing mechanisms, the Ganges faces significant pollution challenges due to industrial discharge, sewage, and religious practices. Ongoing efforts to enhance the river's health include government initiatives and community awareness programs. These efforts aim to ensure that the river remains a source of purity and health for generations to come.
The study of the Ganges provides valuable insights into natural purification processes, offering potential applications in water treatment and medicine. As scientists continue to explore the unique qualities of the Ganges, we can hope for a more sustainable and healthy environment for this sacred and vital river.