The Naming Conundrum: The Elvish Reference to Sauron in The Lord of the Rings

In J.R.R. Tolkien's iconic The Lord of the Rings, the characters often refer to the Dark Lord by different names, a topic that has intrigued many readers. Among them, the name 'Sauron' stands out, prompting questions about its origin and significance. This article delves into the fascinating history and usage of Sauron's name in The Lord of the Rings, particularly as it pertains to the elvish naming conventions that shaped his title.

Elvish Naming and Sauron's Original Name: Mairon

Midlothian-born evaluator of the Tolkien texts, while examining the Quenya (the High Elvish language) and other written works, discovers that Sauron's original name was Mairon, a term meaning "Admirable." However, as he succumbed to the lure of the One Ring and embraced darkness, the elves, being enemies of the malevolent power, gave him the elvish name Sauron, meaning "Abhorred."

The Characters' References to Sauron in The Lord of the Rings

The narration provided in The Lord of the Rings is replete with instances where the Dark Lord's name is called or referred to, suggesting a certain amount of acknowledgment and perhaps even respect towards him. The character of Gildor, for example, does not directly mention Sauron in their conversation. Yet, Aragorn, the heir of Elendil and an elf-keenean, frequently references Sauron’s name. During the journey to Dol Guldur, Glorfindel calls the Nazg?l as "servants of Sauron," indicating a clear and direct reference to the lord of Mordor.

Elrond and Others: Calling Out Sauron

At the Council of Elrond, Elrond, along with Galdor and Glorfindel, mention Sauron's name in their deliberations, highlighting the significance and impact of Sauron's actions and his role in the war against the forces of good. These mentions are crucial, as they provide a broader context of the power and influence of Sauron, even as it is recognized that the characters are dealing with complex and dangerous adversaries.

The Elvish Language and Naming Customs

Theelves never use Sauron’s original name, Mairon, which means "the Admirable," owing to his fall from grace. In the Silmarillion, Sauron is referred to as "Sauron" the Abhorred or as "Gorthaur" the Dreadful Foe, depending on the elvish language used. When communicating with men or hobbits in the common tongue, the elves translate these terms or use equivalent ones, avoiding the insertion of an elvish term into a conversation that already has suitable equivalents.

Unveiling the Mouth of Sauron

It's during critical moments that the unique handling of Sauron's name becomes evident. Aragorn, who speaks both the common tongue and elvish languages, treats "Sauron" as the true name of the fallen Mairon. This practice is mirrored by the other members of the Fellowship. However, in an intriguing side note, the character known as the Mouth of Sauron states "Sauron refuses to use his true name," yet he seems to call himself "the Mouth of Sauron," a title that aligns more with his perceived status in Mordor rather than Sauron's revered or dreaded form. This character's title suggests a complex use of identity and authority, further emphasizing the multifaceted nature of Sauron and his impact on the narrative of Middle-earth.

In essence, the handling of Sauron's name by the elves in The Lord of the Rings is a deliberate commentary on the nature of power, respect, and the complex relationships between characters and their adversaries. This careful use of names and titles enriches the storytelling process and delves into the larger themes of identity and honor.