The Evolution of Drumming in Early Jazz: A Closer Look at High Hats and Their Role

Drumming has a rich and diverse history that has transformed over the years. One of the most significant changes in the world of drumming is the evolution of the high hat from a low seated cymbal to its prominent position today. This article delves into how drumming styles in earlier times differed, focusing particularly on the role of the high hat in early jazz.

Drumming in the Early 1900s

Before the advent of kit drummers in the 1920s, drumming was handled differently. Orchestras and bands often had snare drummers and bass drummers, much like orchestras do today. However, these musicians also played a variety of untuned and tuned percussion instruments. This was especially true in the early days of jazz, which evolved from marching bands. These bands did not typically use kit drummers, as they were more focused on providing a rhythmic foundation for brass sections.

The Early Drum Kit

Early drum kits were quite different from those used today. They consisted of a bass drum played with a pedal, a snare drum, and various blocks and cowbells. The evolution of the high hat can be traced back to the low hat, which could not be struck but would play every quarter note. If drummers needed to ride, they would play the ride cymbal, which served this purpose.

The Emergence of the High Hat

The low hat evolved into the high hat in 1926, marking a significant shift in drumming techniques. As big bands grew in size and brass sections became more prominent, the need for louder drumming increased. This led to the development of larger drums and cymbals. The introduction of the hi-hat allowed drummers to achieve a more consistent and dynamic rhythmic structure.

Role of the High Hat in Early Jazz

In the context of early jazz, the hi-hat was primarily used to play time. Drummers in big bands would use the ride cymbal or the hi-hat with their feet to maintain rhythm. The low boy, which was the first version of the hi-hat, provided a basic timekeeping function similar to the modern hi-hat. Drums and cymbals have since become larger and louder, necessitating larger kits and more powerful equipment. Drummers like Jimmy Page further emphasized the importance of having a larger kit, leading to the need for louder amplification.

Modern Hi-Hat Usage

Today, the hi-hat can produce three primary sounds: closed hat, open hat, and closing hat. In modern drumming, the hi-hat is widely used to add subtle or complex rhythms. However, the hi-hat can still serve as a subtle timekeeping device. In modern music, drummers like Nicko McBrain of Iron Maiden use the hi-hat to play ostinatos, allowing them to move around the kit more freely. This technique is an extension of the early hi-hat usage and has become a staple in contemporary drumming.