The Evolution of Burlesque: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times

Burlesque, a theatrical entertainment that originated long ago, has a rich and diverse history spanning centuries and continents. This form of performance art has evolved significantly over time, from its early parodies in ancient Greece to the glamorous and provocative acts seen in modern burlesque shows.

Origins of Burlesque in Ancient Greece

The term 'burlesque' has its roots in the ancient Greek word burlêx, meaning to make a parody or mockery. One of the earliest known examples of burlesque can be traced back to ancient Greek theatre, where playwrights like Aristophanes wrote plays that ridiculed and sent up society. My dissertation delved into one of his works, which shares many similarities with modern Carry On films, characterized by their humorous and often satirical nature.

Victorian Burlesque in England and the United States

The term 'burlesque' as it is recognized today in its modern context, particularly involving the removal of clothes in comedic or vintage acts, originated in the music halls of England. One of the key figures in the early development of English burlesque was Lydia Thompson. In 1870, she formed a dance troupe with blond, bleached hair, wearing flesh-colored tights and male outfits or sexier versions of them, under the name 'The British Blondes'. Their performances were bawdy and irreverent, often parodying the opposite sex and the upper classes.

Lydia and her troupe gained significant popularity in America, where burlesque evolved into what we would recognize today, with a focus on glamorous stripping and suggestive dances. However, the essence of burlesque transcends the physical aspects; it involves a combination of comedy, musical numbers, and satirical performances that often comment on societal norms and roles.

The American Burlesque Experience

American burlesque, introduced in 1868 by a company of English chorus girls, was a composite of various forms of entertainment, including slapstick sketches, dirty jokes, chorus numbers, and solo dances. These shows were designed to appeal to male audiences and were often marketed as 'daring' and 'sensational.' The content was not as tame as it is today, and Raids by local police were common due to the raunchy and often obscene nature of the performances.

By the early 20th century, burlesque shows had established themselves in the United States, with two national circuits and resident companies in major cities like New York. Highlights of this era include the establishment of famous venues such as the Minskys Burlesque at the Winter Garden. Notable performers and comedians of the time, such as W.C. Fields, Al Jolson, Fanny Brice, Bert Lahr, and Phil Silvers, honed their skills in these burlesque halls.

The Decline of Burlesque and a Modern Resurgence

The advent of motion pictures and stricter censorship led to the decline of burlesque in the early 1960s. However, around ten years ago, there was a resurgence of the original form of burlesque. This revival is characterized by performances that focus on lighthearted and comedic elements, often reclaiming the original intent of burlesque to parody and amuse rather than shock.

Conclusion

From its early manifestations in ancient Greece to its glamorous and provocative forms in the modern era, burlesque has undergone a remarkable journey. Whether it is the bawdy and satirical plays of ancient times, the titillating performances of Victorian England, or the sophisticated and comedic acts of contemporary burlesque, the essence of this form of performance art remains the same: to entertain and amuse through parody and exaggeration.