The Etymology and Evolution of 'Vaudeville': From Valley to Variety
Understanding the origins and evolution of the term 'vaudeville' is essential for comprehending the historical and cultural significance of this theatrical form. This article delves into the complex etymology of 'vaudeville', tracing its journey from the landscapes of France to the American stage and cinema.
Origins in the "Valley of Vire"
The term 'vaudeville' is often associated with the chanson du Vau de Vire, a form of satirical and bawdy songs in couplets that originated in the 15th century. Vau de Vire was a valley in the Calvados region of Normandy, France, where poet Olivier Basselin resided and wrote these popular satirical songs. The name 'Vau de Vire' translates to 'valley of Vire', reflecting the geographical origin of these songs. As these songs gained popularity, they began to influence the development of a unique form of theatrical entertainment.
Transformation into a Dramatic Device
By the 18th century, the term 'vaudeville' took a new form. It evolved from being a descriptive term for popular satirical songs into a device employed by actors to circumvent the dramatic monopoly of the Comédie-Franaise. Due to the theatrical restrictions imposed by the French government, actors in Parisian boulevards developed a form of entertainment known as 'vaudeville'. These performances involved the use of pantomime, spoken dialogue, and music, often with comic and satirical elements. The term 'vaudeville' thus became associated with a more dynamic and flexible form of theatrical performance.
The American Vaudeville: A New Era
By the mid-19th century, the term 'vaudeville' had crossed the Atlantic and evolved into a distinct theatrical form in the United States. Here, it referred to a series of short, unrelated comic and dramatic acts presented one after the other. The popularity of vaudeville grew rapidly, adapting to American tastes and incorporating a wide range of performers including comedians, singers, and magicians. Vaudeville shows were generally family-friendly and catered to a broad audience, making it a significant cultural phenomenon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, the rise of cinema and the changing entertainment landscape led to the decline of vaudeville by the 1930s, leaving behind a rich legacy of theatrical innovation and entertainment.
Ethymology and Controversies
The exact origin of the term 'vaudeville' remains somewhat obscure and has given rise to several theories. One theory suggests that the term is derived from the French expression 'voix de ville', meaning 'voice of the city'. Another theory posits that it comes from the name of the Vau de Vire valley, where satire and song were important cultural expressions. Yet another theory claims that the term is a corruption of an earlier form, 'vau de vire', which referred to a district or area known for its bawdy drinking songs.
Theories such as these highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of language and its evolution. They illustrate how cultural, geographic, and linguistic factors can shape the meanings and usages of words over time. Despite these controversies, the term 'vaudeville' continues to be recognized as a significant element in the history of theatrical entertainment, reflecting the dynamic and ever-evolving nature of cultural expression.
Conclusion
The term 'vaudeville' has a rich and complex history that spans centuries and continents. From the Vau de Vire valley in Normandy to the American stage and beyond, the evolution of this term reflects the creativity, adaptability, and cultural significance of theatrical forms. Understanding the etymology of 'vaudeville' not only provides insights into its historical usage but also enriches our understanding of the multifaceted nature of language and culture.