Understanding the Need for a 10A H-Bridge Driver for Your DC Geared Motors

When driving two DC geared motors that require 10 amps current and a 12V supply, it's crucial to choose the right H-Bridge driver to ensure safe and efficient operation. The L239N motor driver you mentioned is likely not the right choice, as it is rated for only 2A per channel, which is insufficient to handle the required current. Similarly, the L293N, if that is what you meant, is also rated at 1A continuous per channel and would quickly heat up, leading to potential failure.

Why the L293N Lacks the Required Current Capability

The L293N is a popular dual H-Bridge motor driver capable of driving two motors, but it is not designed to handle high currents. The datasheet clearly indicates that the L293N is rated for only 1 amp continuous per channel, making it unsuitable for motors that require 10 amps. This is why your L293N motor driver is overheating, indicating a need for a more capable solution.

Choosing the Right H-Bridge Driver

To drive motors that require 10 amps or more, you should look for a dedicated motor driver that can handle the required current. These usually come in the form of PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) with MOSFETs and a controller IC, designed specifically for high-current motor applications. Some popular options include:

Cytron MD13S 13A DC Motor Driver: Designed for driving 13A DC motors, this driver is an excellent choice and is compatible with both Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Sabretooth 10A Motor Controllers: These are highly rated for driving motors up to 10A and are also compatible with both Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Cisco Systems EtherCAT EtherCard 400A 12V 30A with Overcurrent Protection: While this is for industrial use, it is robust and designed to handle much higher currents, offering excellent protection features.

Alternatives to Relays for Motor Control

While relays can be used, they may not be the most efficient or reliable solution. For instance, an optocoupler like the 4N25 can be a good alternative, as it isolates the control circuit from the high-voltage motor circuit. Optocouplers are less expensive and less likely to damage your board due to mishandling or electrical surges.

Conclusion

Selecting the right H-Bridge driver is crucial to ensure the longevity and performance of your motorized project. Always ensure you choose a driver that can handle the current required by your motors. Opting for a dedicated motor controller or H-Bridge driver board, such as the Cytron MD13S or Sabretooth 10A, is highly recommended over using components like the L239N or L293N, which are insufficient for such applications.