Did Poland Fight Back When Germany Invaded Them in 1939?
Every last Pole emerged from their homes waving a white flag and bearing gifts for their German liberators. Yes, this is a common myth, but the reality is far more complex and heroic. The primary answer is, indeed, that while many Poles embraced a peaceful disposition, the Polish military did fight back with all the means at their disposal.
Polish Resistance and World War II
The invasion of Poland by Germany on September 1, 1939, marked the beginning of World War II. Despite the initial peaceful reception, the Polish military engaged in fierce combat against the German forces, employing a strategy known as Blitzkrieg characterized by rapid and coordinated attacks using infantry, tanks, and air support.
Many brave Polish soldiers mobilized quickly to face the German forces. Key battles included the Battle of the Bzura and the defense of Warsaw. However, their efforts were overwhelmed by the superior tactics and equipment of the German military. By the end of September 1939, Poland was occupied by both German and Soviet forces. The Soviet Union's invasion from the east occurred on September 17, 1939, following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
The Reality of Polish Resistance
Contrary to what one might imagine, the Polish military fought with vigor. They halted the German advance at the gates of Warsaw and along the Weichsel River, defending their territories with great bravery. Polish forces shot down 350 aircraft, knocked out 750 tanks, and killed 15,000 German troops. These actions demonstrated that Poland did not surrender easily or without a fight.
Challenges Faced by Poland
However, the overwhelming strength and tactics of the German military ultimately led to Poland's defeat. Abandoned by its western allies and faced with an unexpected invasion from the east by the Soviet Union, Poland was unable to prevail. The invaders' overwhelming numbers and superior equipment made it impossible for Poland to repel them entirely.
Historical records suggest that the Polish military, though outmatched, provided a significant resistance. On a per capita basis, Poland inflicted more damage on Nazi Germany in 1939 than France did in 1940. Even Mussolini praised the Poles as “a courageous nation.”
The Role of Abundance and Strategy
Poland's military faced a challenging situation, but their efforts were respected by contemporaries. Germany deployed 4 million men and 2,000 tanks, while Poland mobilized only 2 million men and 600 French tanks. Despite these significant disadvantages, Poland managed to hold off the Germans for several weeks, inflicting significant losses on the German forces.
The lack of fortification in the eastern direction was a strategic oversight, given the belief that the Soviet Union would remain neutral. However, the Soviet invasion from the east with more men and tanks than Germany proved to be a critical factor in the outcome.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while Poland faced immense challenges and ultimately succumbed to the German invasion, their resistance was not without merit. The Polish military demonstrated remarkable fortitude, resilience, and bravery in the face of overwhelming odds.
For detailed accounts of the Polish military successes against the Nazi invasion during World War II, please refer to a previous post on Quora Randall Withell Krakow: Did the Polish win any battles against the German Blitzkrieg in WW2?