Origins and Development of the Tango Dance: Debunking Myths and Clarifying Facts

Introduction: The Myths Surrounding Tango’s Origin

The tango, one of the most iconic and beloved dance forms in the world, has a rich history that is often surrounded by myths and misconceptions. This dance, which originated in the late 19th century in Buenos Aires, Argentina, has been the subject of much debate among scholars. Many believe it was created by African and Spanish immigrants, while others argue that it originated among the African slaves in the city. In this article, we will explore the true origins of the tango and dispel some common myths surrounding its creation.

The Controversy: Who Really Created the Tango?

The tango’s exact origins are shrouded in mystery, and academic debate surrounding its creation is ongoing. Some argue that it sprang initially from the dances performed by immigrants in Buenos Aires, who combined Spanish, African, and indigenous music and dance influences. Others claim that the word "tango," used as a term for both the dance and the venues where it was performed, originated among African slaves in the early 1800s.

The term "tango" traces its roots to the African slave community in Buenos Aires. It first appeared in written documents long before any formal dance or music were labeled as "tango." The origin of the word is a deformation of "tocá tambó," which means "play the drum" in Spanish and Portuguese. This usage was common among African slaves, who would gather to dance and socialize in the "tangos" or "tambós," which were meeting places for the community.

Evolution of the Tango: From the Slums to the Global Stage

The early tango was not the glamorous and sophisticated dance that we associate with today. Instead, it emerged in the slums of Buenos Aires, specifically in lower-class districts. These areas were hubs for dance halls and brothels, where the Spanish tango, a light and spirited version of flamenco, merged with the milonga, an Argentine dance known for its fast and sensual movements. The habanera, a Cuban dance, may have also contributed to the tango's evolution, introducing elements of African influence.

Early tangos were characterized by strong percussion elements, reflecting their African origins. As the tango gained popularity, the music started to shift towards a more refined and sophisticated style, with the use of subtle violin and double bass bow percussion effects. This transformation was gradual and marked the shift from a dance that was heavily influenced by African rhythms to one that incorporated more European and Latin American musical elements.

Challenging Misconceptions: African and European Influences

Many tango enthusiasts and scholars prefer to overlook the African roots of the tango, much like how some Americans claim rock 'n' roll as a product of white musicians. To many Argentinians of European descent, acknowledging the African influence on the tango's origins is an affront. This resistance to recognizing the contributions of African slaves and immigrants is rooted in a form of cultural and historical racism, where the efforts of marginalized communities are undervalued and disregarded.

It is crucial to understand that the tango, as we know it today, is a product of cultural fusion. The dance and its music were shaped by the diverse influences of African, Spanish, and indigenous cultures. By recognizing these origins, we can appreciate the full richness and complexity of the tango's history. This acknowledgment also helps us better understand the broader context of cultural exchange and the impact of marginalized communities on the development of global culture.

Conclusion: The True Story of the Tango

The tango dance is not simply a product of European immigrants or African slaves alone. Instead, it is a result of the intricate and complex interplay of cultures in Buenos Aires during the late 19th century. By debunking the myths surrounding its origin and embracing its multifaceted heritage, we can gain a deeper appreciation for this dance form and its place in the history of music and dance.