How Can We Reduce Myopia in Children Without Using Spectacles and Medicine?
The Growing Problem of Myopia
Myopia, commonly known as short-sightedness, is a defect in the eye's shape, typically due to an eyeball that is too optically long. It is a hereditary condition that tends to develop during a child's growth period and stabilizes around the age of 17-21. Myopia is becoming increasingly common, sparking debates about its causes and potential solutions. One theory, supported by Ben Wilkinson, suggests that the development of myopia is linked to rapid growth patterns, particularly observed in countries like Japan.Technological advancements and lifestyle changes have led to significant physical changes in populations. In the early 20th century, the Japanese were not known for needing glasses, with few records of them wearing them. However, with dietary changes and a shift towards Western living standards, the Japanese grew taller and more myopic.
While the prevalence of myopia is rising, it is crucial to understand that spectacles and medical treatments do not affect the incidence of myopia. The condition is largely a result of genetic factors and growth patterns, making it challenging to manage non-invasively.
Non-Invasive Methods to Manage Myopia
Given the limitations of current treatments, parents and healthcare professionals are increasingly looking for non-invasive methods to manage and potentially reduce myopia in children. Here are some evidence-based approaches:
Educational Methods
tCorrect Use of Eyeball Lengthening Prevention Formulae (EFLPF): Studies suggest that activities that involve near-eyed work can exacerbate myopia. Programs that encourage screen breaks and outdoor activities can help. tEye Exercises and Breaks: Frequent breaks and eye exercises can reduce the strain on the eye muscles, which might help prevent the progression of myopia. tOptimal Lighting: Ensuring adequate lighting when reading or using electronic devices can also alleviate eye strain.Natural Approaches
tOutdoor Activities: Studies consistently show that spending time outdoors significantly reduces the risk of developing myopia. The theory is that exposure to natural light and distance-focused activities encourage healthy eye development. tDiet and Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin A, C, and E, can contribute to overall eye health. Foods like leafy greens, carrots, and nuts might help support the eye's natural defenses.Myths and Misconceptions
There are several misconceptions regarding myopia treatments. For instance, some 'treatments' that claim success are often due to treating pseudomyopia – a condition where the focusing muscles cramp, affecting distance vision temporarily. This issue can be easily diagnosed by temporarily paralysing the focusing muscles with dilating drops.
High myopia prescriptions, typically -6.00D or more, carry a risk of certain complications, which are associated with the mismatch between the sclera (the tough outer layer of the eye) and the retina (the light-sensitive inner layer). Refractive errors caused by myopia can be corrected using glasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology, or refractive surgery like LASIK.