Medieval Knights and Their Swords: A Journey Through Time

Introduction

Medieval knights, often depicted in romanticized tales and movies, wielded swords that were far from the iconic, large swords many believe they used. In reality, the evolution of knightly weaponry was a gradual process, reflecting changes in warfare, equipment, and military trends.

The Evolution of Knightly Swords

Until the 1300s, the primary type of sword used by knights was the arming sword. These were single-handed swords, versatile and effective in close combat. Examples include:

Arming Sword: A versatile, single-handed sword used for everyday combat, dependable and easy to handle.

However, as warfare evolved and knights began to take on larger, more fortified targets, the need for change became apparent. The longsword emerged as a solution, offering a longer blade but still retaining the single-handed usability.

Introduction to Longswords

The longsword, also known as the two-handed sword, was a significant development in knightly weaponry. However, these swords didn't become widespread until the early 1400s. The evolution of the longsword was gradual, and it was initially a training tool for those who needed to master the technique before developing the necessary strength to wield a two-handed variant effectively.

For example, in the late 1300s, the longsword was often used as a training sword for those in the tradition of chivalry. The training version, often lighter and shorter, allowed individuals to develop the proper technique without the wear and tear that a full-fledged, two-handed sword would cause.

Historical Context: The Forgotten Dragon

Even during the height of the Crusades, from 1096 to 1291, knights did not typically use longswords or two-handed great swords. Historical records and visual depictions from that period show that the arming sword was the primary weapon of choice. Any portrayal in movies that features longswords during this era is historically inaccurate.

The true emergence of the great sword, a large, two-handed sword, came much later in the 1400s. These weapons were mainly used during the 16th century, some occasionally in the 17th century. This later development was influenced by the changing nature of warfare, where large fortifications and more robust defensive measures required weapons of greater reach and strength.

Conclusion

Understanding the evolution of knightly swords is crucial for historians, reenactors, and anyone interested in medieval warfare. The arming and longsword, while different in length and design, were essential in the development of knightly combat techniques. The transition to larger swords, such as the great sword, was a progression that came later and was influenced by the military and strategic realities of the time.

For those fascinated by medieval history, exploring these changes in weaponry provides a deeper understanding of the strategies and techniques that shaped warfare in the Middle Ages.