Fossil Riches: Exploring the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast Regions of the United States

The Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions of the United States harbor a vast array of geological treasures, including fossils from various eras. This article delves into the types of fossils commonly found in these regions, providing insights for amateur and professional fossil collectors alike.

General Overview

The vast majority of fossils discovered in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions are from the surface layer of sedimentary rock. Erosion processes often expose these layers, making them more accessible. Although fossils can exist at deeper levels, the top sedimentary layer is where the majority of discoveries are made by fossil collectors, including both amateurs and professionals. Paleontologists primarily focus on this layer for their research.

Common Fossils in the Region

Devonian Period (450 million years ago) -

In Upper New York state, Devonian period fossils are particularly common. Trilobites from this era are especially abundant. As an amateur fossil collector, I have collected some articulated brachiopods from a road cut near Albany, and I conjecture they are Devonian in age. Although I haven't found many shark teeth, my fellow collectors tell me they are quite common in this area.

Miocene Epoch (15 million years ago) -

Miocene period fossils, ranging from about 15 million years ago, have been found in North Carolina and Maryland. These include a variety of marine invertebrate fossils such as shells, teeth, and other remnants. Most of the teeth found are from dolphins, sharks, and rays. I have not found any shark teeth myself, despite extensive searching, but I have collected clams, oysters, and brachiopods from these regions.

Cretaceous Period (145-66 million years ago) -

One amateur paleontologist has discovered many Cretaceous period trackways in Northern Maryland near Baltimore. However, this area is particularly challenging for fossil hunters. Trackways and prints from this era can be rare but can be found with perseverance.

Carboniferous Period (359-299 million years ago) -

Pennsylvania is renowned for its Carboniferous fossils, found in the coal mines formed during the Pennsylvanian epoch. Due to the region’s higher ground during the Mesozoic era, dinosaur fossils are rare. However, marine invertebrate fossils are relatively common in the Central PA region.

Paleocene Epoch (65-55 million years ago) -

In Purse Park, Maryland, Paleocene period fossils dating from 65 to 55 million years ago are more common. These are mainly snail shells and tooth plates from eagle rays. While paleontologists believe that Paleocene shark teeth are common in this area, I have not found any shark remains in my excursions, much to my disappointment.

Collecting Guidelines and Regulations

When collecting fossils in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions, it is important to follow specific guidelines. Amateurs can only possess invertebrate fossils on public land, while vertebrate fossils require proper permits for collection. For instance, in Pennsylvania, on public land, only invertebrate fossils can be collected, and any vertebrate fossils are illegal without a permit. A PDF published by the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources (_014599.pdf) provides detailed information on common fossils in Pennsylvania.

Conclusion

The Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions of the United States are rich in fossil resources, offering collectors a diverse range of findings from various geological eras. Whether you are an amateur enthusiast or a professional researcher, these regions provide an exciting opportunity to explore our Earth's ancient past.