Introduction

When comparing Bangladesh and Pakistan's positions in the 2019 Democracy Index, it becomes clear that Bangladesh was rated higher, a result that may surprise many. This comparison delves into the current state of democracy and economic disparity in both nations, highlighting the challenges and opportunities each faces.

Democracy in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has often been touted as a democratic success story, particularly given its reputation in the global context of democracy. However, recent years have shown a significant departure from democratic norms. The current government has not held proper elections for the past two terms, spanning over a decade. Instead, what remains is a form of authoritarian rule.

The current administration has targeted and eliminated political opponents through a combination of legal and extralegal means. This includes imprisonment, assassination, and displacement, depicting a genuine dictatorship rather than a democratic state. The illusion of democracy is maintained by selective inclusion and control over electoral processes, which serve to manipulate the outcome.

Economic Growth and Disparity

Much is often made of Bangladesh's economic growth, with GDP figures taken as proof of a thriving economy. While it is true that some industries are performing well, the reality is more complex. The concentration of wealth is evident, with the rich getting richer and the middle class rapidly shrinking. A majority of the population, including many who were middle-class, are increasingly falling into poverty.

The achievements in GDP growth are often at the cost of broader social and economic equity. The rise of a wealthy elite alongside growing poverty is a direct consequence of the lack of a genuine democratic system. With the political space shrinking, the prospects for social and economic reforms are limited, thus hindering overall development.

Democracy in Pakistan

Pakistan's democratic journey has been marked by prolonged periods of military intervention and political instability. The legacy of dictatorships, combined with corrupt political families, has created a deeply flawed governance structure. The most notable families, such as the Bhutto family in Pakistan, and the Sheikha family in Bangladesh, have perpetuated a system where political power is concentrated and passed down generationally.

While Pakistan has achieved some notable economic developments, particularly in certain sectors, the overall picture is one of a deeply divided and fragile state. Economic disparity is significant, with the upper class enjoying the benefits of growth while the majority remains impoverished. Political and intellectual freedom is severely restricted, leading to a disengaged and often disenchanted populace.

Comparative Analysis

Despite initial differences, both countries face similar challenges when it comes to true democratic governance. Bangladesh's military has managed to keep troops out of the political sphere, a feat Pakistan has yet to achieve. However, Bangladesh has also fallen prey to political and intellectual oppression. This creates a situation where the nation's potential for meaningful democratic development remains untapped, much like Pakistan.

Both nations need to work towards true democratic institutions, where the rule of law, elections, and civil liberties are upheld. Only then can they truly harness the potential for economic growth and social progress.

Conclusion

The 2019 Democracy Index provides a stark contrast between Bangladesh and Pakistan, yet both nations require significant improvements to achieve true democratic governance. While Bangladesh has managed to keep the military out of politics, it has not been immune to political and intellectual oppression. Pakistan, plagued by corrupt political families and military interventions, must also work towards a more stable and democratic future.