Choosing the Right Microphone for Live Concert Performances
When it comes to live concert performances, choosing the right microphone is crucial for capturing clear and high-quality sound. Dynamic microphones are most commonly used, known for their robustness and ability to handle high sound pressure levels, making them ideal for loud environments like concerts. Let's explore why they are the go-to choice and delve into the world of different microphone types, their characteristics, and practical applications in live performances.
The Role of Dynamic Microphones
Dynamic microphones are the standard choice for live performances due to their durability and versatility. They are renowned for their ability to withstand harsh conditions and loud sound levels, making them ideal for on-stage use. Some popular models include the Shure SM58 and the Sennheiser e835.
The Shure SM58, in particular, is a shock-mounted, screen-filtered, ultra-rugged hyper-cardioid microphone. It is designed for vocal use and is ideal for singers who cannot perform without a microphone, especially those with weak or untrained voices. However, it may not be the best choice for opera singers or acoustics due to its high side-bleed, which can distort the sound. The SM58, on the other hand, is excellent for beatboxers due to its wide range of tonal colors.
Alternatives: Condenser Microphones
Condenser microphones, while versatile, are generally more fragile and sensitive to background noise and feedback, making them less suitable for live performances. They work better in controlled environments like recording studios. Popular condenser microphones include the Neumann U86 and the Sony C800G.
Types of Stage Microphones
Stage microphones come in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and uses. Two of the most common types are figure 8 microphones and omni-directional (omni) microphones.
Figure 8 Microphones
Figure 8 microphones are characterized by their deep side nulls, which eliminate side sounds. They are ideal for capturing a clear total stage sound, especially in controlled settings. Active ribbons, variable pattern condensers, and passive ribbons can also be used for figure 8 patterns, offering a wide range of sound qualities. For example, passive ribbons will give a “warm” sound, while active ribbons or variable pattern condensers set to figure 8 will provide a brighter sound. Open dynamic mics like ENG mics, which are typically used in broadcasting, are also excellent for speech and cutting down on high frequencies. Exceptions include the EV RE55 and Beyerdynamic M58.
Omnidirectional (Omni) Microphones
Omnidirectional microphones capture sound equally from all directions, making them suitable for picking up every detail from the entire stage. They are particularly useful in studio settings where the environment is more controlled. Omnidirectional dynamics like ENG mics are great for speech, offering a smooth and often clearer sound. However, in live performances, the open nature of these microphones can lead to feedback if wedge monitors are used. Integrating in-ear monitors (IEM) can help manage this issue.
Examples of Stage Mic Use
In the live performance industry, you'll frequently encounter the Shure SM58, a mic famed for its durability and outstanding sound quality. Its polar pattern, characterized by a direct pickup, prevents the capture of unnecessary ambient sounds. The SM57, another popular choice, is similar to the SM58 but lacks a windscreen, making it suitable for stage amps. For instrument cabinets, the Sennheiser e609 is often used.
While expensive studio mics like the Neumann U86 and Sony C800G are excellent, most musicians and even professional studios can't afford the luxury of such high-end equipment. However, understanding the differences and selecting the right microphone for the job can significantly enhance the performance experience for both the artist and the audience.
Conclusion
Choosing the right microphone for live concert performances is a decision that involves considering the nature of the performance, the acoustics of the venue, and the specific needs of the artists. Dynamic microphones like the Shure SM58 and Sennheiser e835 dominate the stage due to their durability and versatility, while condenser microphones offer more refined sound in controlled environments.