Canada’s Role in WWII and its Belated Response to Jewish Refugees

Introduction

In 1939, the world was on the brink of a massive conflict, and Canada, like many other nations, faced a critical decision regarding the influx of refugees from Europe. Due to the geopolitical climate and stringent immigration policies, Canada’s decision-making was heavily influenced by its imperial ties with the United Kingdom. This article delves into the circumstances that led to Canada's handling of Jewish refugees during the pre-war period and how the nation's stance evolved in the decades that followed.

Canada’s Strict Immigration Policies

From 1939 to 1945, Canada's immigration policies were notably stringent, primarily favoring British subjects. This exclusivity stemmed from a deeply ingrained belief that immigrants should belong to a certain racial, religious, and cultural framework. As a result, any non-British immigrants, including Jewish refugees, faced significant barriers in gaining entry.

The St. Louis Tragedy

The most infamously overlooked event during this period was the plight of the St. Louis. In May 1939, the German cruise ship St. Louis, carrying 937 Jewish passengers, sailed from Hamburg to Cuba, the United States, Canada, and ultimately Great Britain. The ship's passengers were desperate to escape the horrors of Nazism and find safety in the New World. However, their hopes were dashed as each country, including Canada, turned them away. This event is emblematic of the restrictive immigration policies and the general anti-Semitic sentiment prevalent in Canada at the time.

For instance, the Canadian government's response was deeply rooted in its historical stance towards non-British immigration. A Canadian official infamously stated, “None is too many,” when asked about accepting additional Jewish refugees. This response, while chillingly honest, reflects the broader attitude of the Canadian public and officials who viewed these refugees as an unwanted burden.

Canadian Attitudes and Actions During the War

According to historical records, Canada admitted fewer than 5,000 Jewish refugees during the 12-year period of Nazi rule in Germany. This number is starkly contrasted with the thousands of European Jews who attempted to flee but were denied sanctuary by most nations. It is a testament to the global apathy towards the plight of the Jewish people before and during the Holocaust.

The situation was so dire that even the United Nations recognized the refugee crisis in 1943 with the Convention on the Status of Refugees. However, Canada was one of the last nations to sign this vital document, only doing so in 1961, 18 years after its adoption. This delay highlighted a significant shift in the Canadian government's perspective and priorities.

The Shift in Attitudes

The change in Canadian attitudes towards refugees began in earnest in 1957, following the Hungarian Revolution. Thousands of Hungarians were forced to flee their homeland, leading Canada to accept over 30,000 refugees in a single year. This event marked a turning point in Canada's humanitarian approach, paving the way for more inclusive immigration policies.

Since then, Canada has consistently been a leader in the world of refugee relocation and humanitarian issues, showcasing a significant shift from its earlier stance. Today, Canada is recognized for its commitment to refugee protection and human rights, a far cry from its past actions during the Holocaust.

Conclusion

The story of the St. Louis and the broader Canadian response to Jewish refugees during WWII is a painful reminder of how even a nation with a strong democratic foundation can fail in times of crisis. However, it also highlights the possibility for change and progress. As we reflect on the past, it is essential to learn from our mistakes and continue striving towards a more inclusive and compassionate global community.