Benjamin Franklin's Religious Beliefs: A Deist's Journey

Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the United States, has often been labeled as an atheist. However, a more accurate description would be that he was a Deist. Deism is a philosophical belief that posits the existence of a supreme being or creator, but not one who interferes with the natural world or sends prophets or miracles. This article delves into Franklin's beliefs and their evolution throughout his life.

Early Religious Influences

Franklin's journey as a Deist began with his upbringing in a Puritan household. He was raised in Boston and regularly attended a Congregationalist church attended by his family. These were heavily doctrinal services that lasted for two hours at a time. Despite his early exposure to religious doctrine, Franklin's parents were only modestly wealthy and initially planned to send him to Harvard to become a pastor. However, Franklin's developing skepticism about organized religion and the Church's teachings led to the abandonment of these plans.

From Puritan to Deist

As a young man, Franklin indulged in some strident views and behaviors, particularly during a lengthy trip to London. Nevertheless, he remained certain that personal responsibility and industry were the keys to success. In his autobiography, Franklin wrote: "I began to suspect that this doctrine tho' it might be true was not very useful." This marked the beginning of his shift towards Deism.

Although Deism emphasized reason and natural law, it did not necessarily mean a complete rejection of organized religion. Franklin became a member of the Anglican Church and often attended church services, although he did not consider himself a devout Christian. His religious beliefs were shaped by his scientific and rationalist worldview, and religion was seen as a means of promoting social cohesion and moral values.

The Philosophy of Deism

Deism is a belief system that emphasizes the absence of divine intervention in the material world. Deists believe that the universe was created by a supreme being, who has since let it operate on its own. This means that deists do not believe in the authority of religious texts or the need for religious institutions. Instead, they rely on reason and natural law to understand the workings of the universe.

Franklin's Views on God

Franklin's view of God was more general, as defined by a supreme being but not specifically the God of Abraham. He believed in a god who did not create religions, did not send prophets, and did not flood the earth. Franklin was more concerned with living a life of virtue and significance rather than focusing on strict religious beliefs.

Conclusion

Benjamin Franklin's religious beliefs were a reflection of his rationalist worldview. While he remained a member of an organized church, he did not fully embrace its doctrines. Instead, he embraced Deism, which allowed him to adhere to his scientific and rationalist views while still acknowledging the social and moral value of religion. Franklin's journey from Puritan to Deist highlights the complex and evolving nature of his beliefs throughout his life.