Are All Plays Written for Theatre Performance?
One might assume that all plays are intended to be performed in a traditional theatre. However, the history and diversity of dramatic literature reveal a much more complex picture. While the traditional theatre setting remains central to many plays, there are other forms of dramatic works that were never intended for the stage. This article explores the concept of 'closet drama' and provides examples of plays that emerged from this unconventional format.
Understanding Theatre Plays
Traditional theatre plays are typically structured to be performed live in a conventional theatre setting. These plays often require an orchestra, a full set of props, and a large cast of actors. However, as the term 'closet drama' suggests, not all dramatic works are intended for this type of theatrical performance. Closet drama refers to plays that are primarily meant to be read and studied rather than performed live on stage.
The Emergence of Closet Drama
Early examples of closet drama can be traced back to the works of renowned authors like John Milton. His play 'Samson Agonistes' is a quintessential example of a closet drama. Unlike conventional theatre plays, 'Samson Agonistes' is an intense monologue in the form of a dialogue between God and Samson. This play was never intended for performance and is best read as a dramatic poem. The minimalistic nature of the text makes it a perfect fit for the 'closet' - a quiet and private reading environment.
Modern Examples of Closet Drama
Other notable examples of closet drama include:
The Man Without Qualities
Wolfgang Borchert's play, 'Der Mann Ohne Eigenschaften' (The Man Without Qualities), is a powerful and poignant work written in 1943. Despite its literary significance, Borchert specifically stated that it was not intended for theatrical production. The reason behind this decision is multifaceted. Initially, Borchert was concerned about the political climate of the time and the potential censorship of his work. Additionally, the play's epic length and intricate narrative structure made it challenging to stage.
The Last Days of Mankind
Another example is Karl Kraus's 'Die Letzten Tage der Menschheit' (The Last Days of Mankind), a satirical and critical play that was published in 1919. This work is a pastiche of satirical sketches and docudrama. Due to its extraordinary length, Kraus wrote in the preface that it was not suitable for stage performance. However, the play gained popularity through radio broadcasts and excerpts performed in various theatrical settings, leading to its eventual full production in the 1980s.
The Success of Closet Drama
These plays, although not originally intended for the stage, achieved significant success through alternative means. The minimalistic and thought-provoking nature of these works resonated deeply with audiences, both in the form of reading and radio broadcasts. Additionally, the 'closet' environment allowed for a more intimate and reflective experience, enhancing the play's thematic and emotional impact.
Conclusion: The Versatility of Dramatic Works
While theatre plays are traditionally written for live performance, the concept of 'closet drama' highlights the versatility and adaptability of dramatic works. These plays, though not originally intended for the stage, have found ways to reach and move audiences through alternative means. This versatility is a testament to the enduring power of dramatic literature to engage and challenge the reader, regardless of the format.
By recognizing the diverse forms of dramatic works, we can better appreciate the richness and depth of theatrical literature. Whether intended for the stage or the 'closet,' these plays continue to provoke thought and inspire the imagination.