Amazing Facts About Chennai: A City with Rich History and Culture
Chennai, the cultural and commercial capital of Tamil Nadu, is a city with a rich history and culture. This article delves into some lesser-known but fascinating facts about this vibrant metropolis, from the founding of the city to its unique landmarks and cultural symbols.
The Founding of Chennai
Chennai's journey begins on August 22, 1639, when Damarla Chenappa Nayaka, the Nayaka of Sri Kalahasti, granted land to the East India Company. This settlement, named after Francis Day, one of the company's officers, soon grew into the bustling metropolis known today as Chennai. The strategic location and supportive agrarian environment laid the foundation for the city's future prosperity.
Unique Place Names and Historical Significance
Chennai is dotted with numerous streets, parks, and landmarks that are named after significant historical figures and events. These names not only hold cultural significance but also provide insights into the city's political and social history.
Sri P. Thyagaraya Chetty Market: This shoppers' paradise was named after Sri P. Thyagaraya Chetty, a prominent leader of the Justice Party and one of its co-founders. The Justice Party played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement, and this market bears the legacy of Tamil Nadu's early political landscape.
Uttam Road and Panagal Park
North and South Usman Road: Located in Chennai, this road is named after Khan Bahadur Usman, who served as Home Minister in the Justice Party cabinet of the Madras Presidency and later as the acting Governor of Madras. The Justice Party, known for its social reforms and support for the rights of small farmers, was instrumental in shaping the political fabric of the region.
Panagal Park: This park in Chennai is named after Raja of Panagal, Sri Panaganti Ramarayanigar. A significant figure in Tamil Nadu's political history, he served as the Chief Minister (CM) of the Madras Presidency from 1921 to 1926. The park and the road are testaments to his contributions to the region's development.
Khodavakkam and the Origin of Kollywood
Kollywood: The term Kollywood refers to the film industry of Tamil Nadu, and it has its roots in Chennai. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Arcot Nawab had a horse stable in this area, giving rise to the theory that Kollywood is derived from the Urdu word Ghoda Bagh (which means horse garden). Another theory suggests that the name is derived from Karkodagan Pakkam, a snake that worshipped Lord Shiva in the area, leading to the belief in the existence of a temple dedicated to this snake. This area, Kodambakkam, is now famously known as the hub of Tamil cinema production.
Historical Shrines and Cultural Sites
Chennai is brimming with historical shrines and cultural sites, each with a unique story to tell.
Triplicane
Triplicane: This is the anglicized version of Thiruvallikeni, derived from the Tamil Thiru (holy) and Vallikeni (a pond). The city is home to the famous Parthasarathy Temple, where Lord Krishna is worshipped as Parthasarathi, the charioteer of Arjuna. Notably, this temple has the sole depiction of Krishna with a moustache. Additionally, there is a mark on the main deity believed to be the arrow shot by Bhishma during the Kurukshetra war.
Mylapore and Kapaleeshwara Temple
Mylapore: The precincts of Mylapore are steeped in legend and troubled by religious significance. It derives its name from the tale of Parvathi worshipping Shiva in the form of a peacock (Mayil). According to Sthala Puranam, a divine tale, Shiva is believed to have cut off one of Brahma's four heads in anger, and Brahma penanced here, leading to the worship of Kapaleeshwara (Lord of the Crescent). The Kapaleeshwara Temple, one of the oldest in Chennai, dates back to the 7th century and is a magnificent example of Dravidian architecture, characterized by large ornate gopurams and a vast expanse.
Swami Vivekananda's Visit
Swami Vivekananda's Connection to Chennai: Swami Vivekananda, a key figure in the Ramakrishna tradition and a prominent spiritual leader, visited Chennai in 1897 after his return from the West. The Mylapore Mutt, one of the oldest in India after the Belur one, is a significant landmark. The erstwhile Ice House, where Swamiji stayed, is now preserved as a memorial, known as Vivekanandar Illam, commemorating the spiritual guru and his contributions to India.
Conclusion
Chennai continues to be a fascinating blend of history, culture, and contemporary life. From its origins to its current status as a thriving metropolis, every aspect of the city reflects its rich heritage. These unique stories and landmarks not only enrich the city but also keep its history alive for future generations.